The below pictorial view depicts the logical architecture of a SharePoint Application:
Below is given some important points to remember about SharePoint Applications:
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Each SharePoint web application can have multiple
content databases.
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Each content database can have multiple site
collections.
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A site collection is a set of Web sites that have the
same owner and share administration settings.
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Each site collection contains a top-level Web site and
can contain one or more sub sites.
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Each site (top-level site and sub sites) within site
collection can have its own document libraries and custom lists.
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The Page Layouts, Master Pages, and Web Parts can be
shared only within a site collection.
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Sub sites within a site collection can inherit
permissions from the top-level site.
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Site collections cannot inherit permissions from other
site collections.
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There is no built-in navigation from one site
collection to another.
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SharePoint search provides search results only within a
single site collection and it does not include results across multiple site
collections.
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URL of the web application for different site
collections will be like below:
Site Collection1: http://servername/sites/sitecollection1
Site Collection2: http://servername/sites/sitecollection2